Grocery chains
Large chains including Walmart, Kroger-family stores, Safeway and Albertsons, and Publix keep dry ice at a good share of their locations, almost always in its own freezer chest near the front entrance or the customer service desk rather than mixed in with the bagged cubes. Stock is set store by store, and demand runs heavy around Halloween fog machines and summer coolers, so a phone call before driving over saves the trip.
Welding and industrial gas suppliers
Companies that sell bottled gas for welding and manufacturing, Airgas among them, sell dry ice as a routine retail line at branch locations nationwide, often under a house brand. These branches carry it every business day rather than seasonally, which makes them the dependable choice when the shipment has a fixed date and the grocery store gamble is not worth taking.
Ice-cream shops, butchers, and party suppliers
Any business that already handles hard-frozen product on a walk-in basis, an ice-cream parlor, a specialty butcher, a party or costume shop near Halloween, sometimes sells small blocks or pellets to walk-in customers even though it never advertises the fact. A short phone call establishes this faster than a search engine does.
Where it does not come from
Not the corner drugstore, not a hardware store, and not the mail. No parcel carrier will move loose dry ice to your door as a retail purchase, because it is a Class 9 hazardous material once it is in transit; buying it is always a local, in-person errand, one that has to happen close to when the box gets packed.